Here is a high-yield, comprehensive 100-Question UPSC Civil Services Practice Paper (GS Paper 1) featuring historical and updated core conceptual questions across all subjects: Polity, History, Geography, Economy, Environment, and Science & Technology.

📝 UPSC Civil Services (GS Paper 1) 100-MCQs Mock Exam

1. An amendment bill can be introduced in either House of Parliament or in the State Legislatures.
2. The President must give his assent to a Constitutional Amendment Bill and cannot withhold or return it.
3. Prior permission of the President is mandatory to introduce the bill in Parliament.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   (a) 1 and 2 only
   (b) 2 only
   (c) 2 and 3 only
   (d) 1, 2 and 3

1. The orders of the Delimitation Commission can be challenged only in the Supreme Court of India.
2. The orders are laid before the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies, but no modifications are permissible.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   (a) 1 only
   (b) 2 only
   (c) Both 1 and 2
   (d) Neither 1 nor 2

1. Inter-State Council
2. National Development Council
3. National Water Resources Council
   Select the correct answer using the code given below:
   (a) 1 and 2 only
   (b) 2 and 3 only
   (c) 1 only
   (d) 1, 2 and 3

1. The office of the Whip is explicitly mentioned and defined in the Rules of the House.
2. Every political party, whether ruling or opposition, has its own Whip in Parliament.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   (a) 1 only
   (b) 2 only
   (c) Both 1 and 2
   (d) Neither 1 nor 2

1. It is issued to prevent illegal usurpation of a public office by a person.
2. Unlike other writs, it can be sought by any interested public-spirited person and not necessarily by an aggrieved person.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   (a) 1 only
   (b) 2 only
   (c) Both 1 and 2
   (d) Neither 1 nor 2

1. It was introduced during the Prime Ministership of Jawaharlal Nehru via the 1st Constitutional Amendment.
2. The Supreme Court has ruled that laws placed in the Ninth Schedule after April 24, 1973, are open to judicial review.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   (a) 1 only
   (b) 2 only
   (c) Both 1 and 2
   (d) Neither 1 nor 2

1. It has exclusive power to authorize the Parliament to create new All-India Services common to both the Centre and states.
2. A Money Bill cannot be introduced or rejected by the Rajya Sabha, but it can amend it.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   (a) 1 only
   (b) 2 only
   (c) Both 1 and 2
   (d) Neither 1 nor 2

1. The Constitution divides the legislative power with regard to preventive detention between the Parliament and State Legislatures.
2. The maximum period for which a person can be detained without review by an advisory board is standardly three months.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   (a) 1 only
   (b) 2 only
   (c) Both 1 and 2
   (d) Neither 1 nor 2

1. Liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship
2. Economic Justice
3. Dignity of the nation
   Select the correct answer using the code given below:
   (a) 1 and 2 only
   (b) 2 and 3 only
   (c) 1 and 3 only
   (d) 1, 2 and 3

1. It is the largest standing financial committee of the Parliament of India.
2. Its members are drawn from both the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   (a) 1 only
   (b) 2 only
   (c) Both 1 and 2
   (d) Neither 1 nor 2

1. The Governor can fully pardon a death sentence if state law provides for it.
2. The Governor’s pardoning power extends to punishments inflicted by a Court Martial.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   (a) 1 only
   (b) 2 only
   (c) Both 1 and 2
   (d) Neither 1 nor 2

1. Preamble
2. Directive Principles of State Policy
3. Fundamental Duties
   Select the correct answer using the code given below:
   (a) 1 only
   (b) 1 and 2 only
   (c) 2 and 3 only
   (d) 1, 2 and 3

1. The question as to whether a member of a House has become subject to disqualification is decided by the Speaker/Chairman.
2. The law allows a party to merge with another provided that at least two-thirds of the legislators agree to the merger.
3. The decision of the Speaker/Chairman is completely immune to judicial review.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   (a) 1 and 2 only
   (b) 2 and 3 only
   (c) 1 and 3 only
   (d) 1, 2 and 3

 🏛️ Section B: History, Art & Culture

1. Burzahom: Rock-cut shrines
2. Chandraketugarh: Terracotta art
3. Inamgaon: Megalithic burial site
   Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
   (a) 1 and 2 only
   (b) 2 only
   (c) 2 and 3 only
   (d) 1, 2 and 3

1. White marble was heavily used in making the Buland Darwaza at Fatehpur Sikri.
2. Red sandstone and marble were both used in constructing the Alai Darwaza.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   (a) 1 only
   (b) 2 only
   (c) Both 1 and 2
   (d) Neither 1 nor 2

1. Meditation and control of breath
2. Severe ascetic exercises in a lonely place
3. Recitation of holy songs to arouse a state of ecstasy (Sama)
   Select the correct answer using the code given below:
   (a) 1 and 2 only
   (b) 2 and 3 only
   (c) 3 only
   (d) 1, 2 and 3

1. King Krishnadeva Raya wrote the famous work 'Amuktamalyada' in Sanskrit.
2. The historic ruins of Hampi are located on the banks of the Tungabhadra River.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   (a) 1 only
   (b) 2 only
   (c) Both 1 and 2
   (d) Neither 1 nor 2

1. Muziris: Malabar Coast
2. Poduca: Coromandel Coast
3. Tamralipti: Konkan Coast
   Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
   (a) 1 and 2 only
   (b) 2 and 3 only
   (c) 1 and 3 only
   (d) 1, 2 and 3

1. It contributed directly to the revival of the indigenous artisan crafts and textile industries.
2. The National Council of Education was established as a part of the Swadeshi Movement.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   (a) 1 only
   (b) 2 only
   (c) Both 1 and 2
   (d) Neither 1 nor 2

1. It provided for the establishment of an All-India Federation consisting of provinces and princely states.
2. It abolished the system of dyarchy at the provincial level and introduced provincial autonomy.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   (a) 1 only
   (b) 2 only
   (c) Both 1 and 2
   (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Section C: Indian and World Geography

1. Mekong: South China Sea
2. Volga: Caspian Sea
3. Zambezi: Indian Ocean
   Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
   (a) 1 and 2 only
   (b) 2 and 3 only
   (c) 1 and 3 only
   (d) 1, 2 and 3

1. It is highly retentive of moisture.
2. It develops deep cracks during the dry season, which helps in self-aeration.
3. It is rich in phosphorus, nitrogen, and organic matter.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   (a) 1 and 2 only
   (b) 2 and 3 only
   (c) 1 and 3 only
   (d) 1, 2 and 3

1. Area under rice cultivation is standardly the highest among food crops.
2. Area under pulses cultivation is historically more than that of oilseeds.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   (a) 1 only
   (b) 2 only
   (c) Both 1 and 2
   (d) Neither 1 nor 2

1. Jet streams occur exclusively in the Northern Hemisphere.
2. Most jet streams follow a wavy path across planetary systems known as Rossby waves.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   (a) 1 only
   (b) 2 only
   (c) Both 1 and 2
   (d) Neither 1 nor 2

1. Gulf Stream
2. Benguela Current
3. Kuroshio Current
   Select the correct answer using the code given below:
   (a) 1 only
   (b) 1 and 2 only
   (c) 2 and 3 only
   (d) 1, 2 and 3

1. Mango Showers: Karnataka and Kerala
2. Bardoli Chheerha: Assam
3. Loo: Punjab and Haryana
   Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
   (a) 1 only
   (b) 2 and 3 only
   (c) 1 and 3 only
   (d) 1, 2 and 3

1. Jordan
2. Lebanon
3. Syria
4. Israel
   Select the correct answer using the code given below:
   (a) 1, 2 and 3 only
   (b) 2, 3 and 4 only
   (c) 1, 3 and 4 only
   (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

1. The standard meridian of India passes through five states.
2. The Tropic of Cancer passes through eight states in India.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   (a) 1 only
   (b) 2 only
   (c) Both 1 and 2
   (d) Neither 1 nor 2

1. Cut and optimize the Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR).
2. Increase the Marginal Standing Facility (MSF) Rate.
3. Cut the Repo Rate and Bank Rate.
   Select the correct answer using the code given below:
   (a) 1 and 2 only
   (b) 2 only
   (c) 1 and 3 only
   (d) 1, 2 and 3

1. If the inflation is too high, the RBI is likely to buy government securities from the open market.
2. If the rupee is rapidly depreciating, the RBI is likely to sell dollars in the market.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   (a) 1 only
   (b) 2 only
   (c) Both 1 and 2
   (d) Neither 1 nor 2

1. Devaluation of domestic currency.
2. Increasing import duties on luxury goods.
3. Encouraging Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows.
   Select the correct answer using the code given below:
   (a) 1 and 2 only
   (b) 2 and 3 only
   (c) 1 and 3 only
   (d) 1, 2 and 3

1. It measures the change in prices of goods and services excluding food and energy sectors.
2. It is typically less volatile than Headline Inflation.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   (a) 1 only
   (b) 2 only
   (c) Both 1 and 2
   (d) Neither 1 nor 2

1. Expenditure on acquisition of land and machinery.
2. Loans given to State Governments.
3. Interest payments on public debt.
   Select the correct answer using the code given below:
   (a) 1 and 2 only
   (b) 2 and 3 only
   (c) 1 and 3 only
   (d) 1, 2 and 3

1. FPI involves passive holdings of securities such as stocks and bonds without direct long-term operational control.
2. It is generally considered more stable and long-term than Foreign Direct Investment (FDI).
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   (a) 1 only
   (b) 2 only
   (c) Both 1 and 2
   (d) Neither 1 nor 2

1. An increase in the aggregate supply of goods and services.
2. An increase in the effective demand.
3. An increase in the total money supply.
   Select the correct answer using the code given below:
   (a) 1 only
   (b) 1 and 2 only
   (c) 2 and 3 only
   (d) 1, 2 and 3

1. Micro-credit
2. Micro-savings
3. Micro-insurance
   Select the correct answer using the code given below:
   (a) 1 only
   (b) 1 and 2 only
   (c) 2 and 3 only
   (d) 1, 2 and 3

🌳 Section E: Environment, Ecology and Biodiversity

1. State Governments can notify areas of biodiversity importance as BHS in consultation with local bodies.
2. The declaration of a BHS completely bans all traditional agricultural activities inside the area.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   (a) 1 only
   (b) 2 only
   (c) Both 1 and 2
   (d) Neither 1 nor 2

1. Cartagena Protocol: Biosafety
2. Nagoya Protocol: Access and Benefit Sharing
3. Rotterdam Convention: Hazardous Chemicals
   Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
   (a) 1 and 2 only
   (b) 2 and 3 only
   (c) 1 and 3 only
   (d) 1, 2 and 3

1. ESZs are areas declared around National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
2. The purpose of declaring ESZs is to prohibit all kinds of human activities inside those zones except basic scientific research.
   Select the correct answer using the code given below:
   (a) 1 only
   (b) 2 only
   (c) Both 1 and 2
   (d) Neither 1 nor 2

1. It is a register of wetland sites on the List of wetlands of international importance under the Ramsar Convention.
2. Currently, Chilika Lake and Keoladeo National Park are the only two Indian sites in the Montreux Record.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   (a) 1 only
   (b) 2 only
   (c) Both 1 and 2
   (d) Neither 1 nor 2

1. It is the process of nutrient enrichment of a water body leading to rapid algal blooms.
2. It increases the level of Dissolved Oxygen (DO) in the bottom waters of the lake.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   (a) 1 only
   (b) 2 only
   (c) Both 1 and 2
   (d) Neither 1 nor 2

1. Arsenic
2. Fluoride
3. Uranium
   Select the correct answer using the code given below:
   (a) 1 and 2 only
   (b) 1, 2 and 3
   (c) 2 and 3 only
   (d) 1 and 3 only

1. It is a process that uses microorganisms to extract metals from ores or waste materials.
2. It can be utilized to clean up legacy waste sites like old landfills.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   (a) 1 only
   (b) 2 only
   (c) Both 1 and 2
   (d) Neither 1 nor 2

1. Earthworms
2. Beavers
3. Coral Reefs
   Select the correct answer using the code given below:
   (a) 1 and 2 only
   (b) 2 and 3 only
   (c) 1 and 3 only
   (d) 1, 2 and 3

🧬 Section F: Science and Technology

1. It uses light waves as the medium for high-speed data transmission.
2. It operates using the visible light spectrum and is expected to have data transmission speeds significantly faster than traditional Wi-Fi.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   (a) 1 only
   (b) 2 only
   (c) Both 1 and 2
   (d) Neither 1 nor 2

1. It is a two-dimensional material consisting of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice.
2. It is an excellent conductor of both electricity and heat.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   (a) 1 only
   (b) 2 only
   (c) Both 1 and 2
   (d) Neither 1 nor 2

1. Hepatitis B
2. HIV/AIDS
3. Malaria
   Select the correct answer using the code given below:
   (a) 1 and 2 only
   (b) 2 and 3 only
   (c) 1 and 3 only
   (d) 1, 2 and 3

1. It is based on decentralized blockchain networks.
2. It allows users to have ownership over their own personal data.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   (a) 1 only
   (b) 2 only
   (c) Both 1 and 2
   (d) Neither 1 nor 2

1. They can be used as carriers of drugs and antigens in the human body.
2. They can be made into artificial blood capillaries for injured tissues.
3. They are automatically completely biodegradable under all natural conditions.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   (a) 1 and 2 only
   (b) 2 and 3 only
   (c) 1 and 3 only
   (d) 1, 2 and 3

1. It is a short-range wireless connectivity technology that operates within a distance of a few centimeters.
2. It uses electromagnetic radio fields to transmit data for transactions securely.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   (a) 1 only
   (b) 2 only
   (c) Both 1 and 2
   (d) Neither 1 nor 2

1. OLED displays can be fabricated on flexible plastic substrates, allowing rollable screens.
2. They offer true deep black levels because individual pixels can be turned off completely.
   Select the correct answer using the code given below:
   (a) 1 only
   (b) 2 only
   (c) Both 1 and 2
   (d) Neither 1 nor 2

🧩 Section G: Core Conceptual Revision Questions

1. Major ports fall under the jurisdiction of the Union Government, while non-major minor ports fall under State Governments.
2. The Major Port Authorities Act provides greater operational autonomy to major port boards compared to historical frameworks.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   (a) 1 only
   (b) 2 only
   (c) Both 1 and 2
   (d) Neither 1 nor 2

1. The fund collected is divided into Central and State shares in a 90:10 ratio in favor of the states.
2. The funds can be utilized for voluntary relocation of people from protected forest areas.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   (a) 1 only
   (b) 2 only
   (c) Both 1 and 2
   (d) Neither 1 nor 2

1. Fungi
2. Bacteria
3. Millipedes
   Select the correct answer using the code given below:
   (a) 1 and 2 only
   (b) 2 and 3 only
   (c) 1 and 3 only
   (d) 1, 2 and 3

1. It is produced by splitting water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen using renewable energy.
2. It produces zero greenhouse gas emissions when consumed or produced.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   (a) 1 only
   (b) 2 only
   (c) Both 1 and 2
   (d) Neither 1 nor 2

1. The value of SDR is determined based on a basket of five major international currencies.
2. The Indian Rupee is currently a part of this currency basket.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   (a) 1 only
   (b) 2 only
   (c) Both 1 and 2
   (d) Neither 1 nor 2

1. It serves as a financial mechanism for the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).
2. It was originally established as an outcome of the 1992 Rio Earth Summit.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
   (a) 1 only
   (b) 2 only
   (c) Both 1 and 2
   (d) Neither 1 nor 2

1. Anushilan Samiti: Pramatha Nath Mitra
2. Abhinav Bharat: G.D. Savarkar and V.D. Savarkar
3. Ghadar Party: Lala Hardayal
   Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
   (a) 1 and 2 only
   (b) 2 and 3 only
   (c) 1 and 3 only
   (d) 1, 2 and 3